Treaties+of+the+Paris+Peace+Conference

Carleigh Zinn's page =**Treaties of the Paris Peace Conference**=

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The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed on September 10th, 1919 by the Allies of WWI & the new Republic of Austria. The treaty was signed at the Chateau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Since the Treaty contained the Covenant of the League of Nations, it was not ratified by the USA . This treaty proclaimed that the Austro-Hungarian Empire was to be dissolved. The Empire than became the new Republic of Austria & the treaty claimed a large sum of war reparations to be paid to the Allies. Austria’s land suffered great losses as it was divided & shares were given to Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania & Italy. Austria did however receive Burgenland, which at the time was part of Hungary. A crucial article of the treaty prevented Austria from directly or indirectly compromising its independence, this meant that Austria could not enter into political or economic union with Germany without the permission of the League of Nations. Austria’s Army was limited to 30,000 volunteers. Austria lost population, territory & resources due to the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, which inured its economy harshly.

The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine was signed on November 27th, 1919 by the Allies of WWI & Bulgaria. The treaty was signed in the Neuilly town hall in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. The treaty required Bulgaria to give Western Thrace to the Entente, this cut off Bulgaria’s direct outlet to the Aegean Sea & a border along the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats & Slovenes. The Bulgarian army was limited to 20,000 men. Bulgaria was also forced to pay reparations of £100 million & had to acknowledge the existence of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats & Slovenes.

The Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was signed on June 4th, 1920 by the Allies of WWI & Hungary. The treaty was signed at the Grand Trianon Palace in Versailles, France. Hungary was required to give territory to Romania, Czechoslovakia & the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats & Slovenes. The Hungarian army was restricted to 35,000 men & were stripped of their navy. Hungary also had to pay reparations to its neighboring countries. The Hungarian borders were internationally recognized by this treaty. Hungary lost half of its most populated cities & lost its direct access to the sea, along with most of its natural resources.

The Treaty of Sevres
The Treaty of Sevres was signed on August 10th, 1920 by the Allies of WWI & the formally Ottoman Empire. The treaty was signed in an exhibition room at the famous porcelain factory in Sevres, France. The 4 signatories for the Ottoman Empire were Riza Tevfik, Damat Ferid Pasha, Hadi Pasha & Resid Halis. The 2 main Allied powers who weren’t allowed to sign the treaty were the USA & Russia. Russia wasn’t allowed because it had already made negotiations in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Ottoman Empire in 1918. Greece did not ratify this treaty, meaning it did not stay outside the country’s borders. The treaty made the Allies soul governors of the Ottoman Empires finances, meaning they had the power to approve or supervise the national budget, enforce financial laws or regulations. They also received total control over the Ottoman Bank, meaning they could set the currency through the central bank of the empire. The Ottoman Army was reduced to 50,700 men; the navy could only have 7 sloops & 6 torpedo boats. The state was prohibited from acquiring an air force.

The Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28th, 1919 by the Allies of WWI & Germany. This was the most controversial treaty at the peace conferences because it forced Germany to take full responsibility for starting WWI, this was called the War Guilt Clause . This clause also reduced Germany’s territory, required Germany to pay war reparation of 132 billion Marks, which at the time was about the same as $31.4 billion US. Germany was forced to return Alsace & Lorraine back to France. The countries excluded from the negotiations were Germany, Austria, Hungary & Russia. The Big Four who represented their respective countries at the Paris Peace Conference were David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, Vittorio Orlando of Italy &, of course, Woodrow Wilson of the USA. The treaty gave justice to war criminals, sentencing each to trial & often execution. The treaty enforced that the Rhineland be demilitarized & occupied by Allied troops for 15 years. Germany’s armed forces were limited to 100,000 troops, conscription was banned & the German navy was restricted to 15,000 men, 6 battleships, 6 cruisers, 12 destroyers & 12 torpedo boats. The importing or exporting of weapons was strictly prohibited. Poisonous gas, armed aircrafts, tanks & armoured cars were also prohibited. The manufacturing of guns & rifles restricted as well.